Showing posts with label Mark Driscoll. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Mark Driscoll. Show all posts

Monday, March 31, 2014

On Pop Theology Podcast: Episode 55 - Villainous Villainy

by Ben Howard 

This week on the show Ben, Sebastian and Jesse tackle the topic of villains. What makes a villain? Why do we create villains? Do we need villains to be able to understand ourselves? They'll talk about the villainy of Fred Phelps, Stalin and Hitler, as well as whether Batman would be a villain if he existed in real life. Also, Ben and Sebastian will share about the Mark Driscoll sermon they watched and the whole crew will share historically mundane moments in villainy.

You can download the podcast by clicking here. Or you can subscribe to the podcast by searching "On Pop Theology" in the iTunes music store. If you like the show, please rate and review us on iTunes. It's the first step in our secret mission to take over the world.

Finally, if you'd like to stream the podcast, you can do that here: 


 

Peace,
Ben 


You can follow On Pop Theology on Twitter @OnPopTheology or like us on Facebook at www.facebook.com/OnPopTheology. If you'd like to support what we do, you can donate via the button on the right of the screen.

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Tuesday, December 17, 2013

Christianity Needs Celebrities

by Ben Howard

A celebrity is not so much a person as it is the persona, the mediated representation and distillation of the person who inhabits the role. Rachel Held Evans did an excellent job highlighting this difference in her post, “You Don’t Hate Me. You Hate My Brand.” Evans argues that no matter how much she or any other public figure believes in the things they represent, these beliefs and ideologies are not the entirety of their humanity. No one is as simple as the things they represent.

Instead, it is this persona, this brand, which we associate with celebrity. Removed from the complexity, and subtlety, of an underlying humanity, a celebrity persona serves as a vehicle for a two-dimensional iconography. It’s from this humanity-adjacent position that we begin to talk about what Taylor Swift “means” or what aspects of culture Kanye West “represents.” In the context of Christian culture, this concept of celebrity allows us to invoke Mark Driscoll's name as a placeholder for "angry neo-calvinist," or Rob Bell's as "hipster preacher."

It’s also vital to point out that celebrity never exists or arises in a vacuum. I would argue that most celebrities, or at least those who are celebrities because of the ideologies they represent, are the products of a wider sub-culture. As a result, this celebrity becomes a representation and amalgamation of the sub-culture from which it springs. This is readily apparent in political races where a candidate comes to represent not only their own personal convictions, but also the embedded ideology of their particular party.

Thus far I’ve focused solely on what celebrity is, not what celebrity does, which begs the question of whether celebrity is merely the by-product of our culture or if celebrity actually offers some utility. Considering that the title of this essay is “Christianity Needs Celebrities,” I don’t think you’ll be surprised to find out that I do think it plays a useful role in society. Namely, celebrity provides a bridge between a sub-culture and the wider cultural zeitgeist.

As I mentioned earlier, celebrity is not merely a representation of a person, but a mediated and distilled representation of a person. As a result, celebrity iconography is by its very essence reductive and simplifying. While I’m sure this is a constant frustration to the deeply complex and nuanced person who happens to inhabit the role of “celebrity,” it provides an easy-to-process shorthand for the dissemination of their ideology into the culture-at-large.

For example, look at Pope Francis. If you read his interview with Antonio Spadoro from September, you will discover an incredibly complex person with a wide-range of influences and perspectives on how he carries out his life and his role as Pope. However, the popular depiction, the celebrity nature of Pope Francis is a short-hand summary of this complexity. In the popular landscape he is “The Social Justice Pope” or “The Marxist Pope” or “The Awesome Pope Who Kisses and Hugs and Loves People.” While none of these depictions encapsulate the man, the Jesuit community which formed him, or the Catholic church as a whole, they serve as a way for the wider culture to access the iconography and meaning of the Pope and what he represents. Without this reductive, yet resonant shorthand, the zeitgeist likely would have omitted the ideas of the Pope entirely. Complexity has an inverse relationship with popularity.

This is why Christianity needs celebrities. Christianity does not need celebrities because it needs leaders, or because Christians need someone to follow and fall in line behind. Christians need celebrities because they need someone to represent them to the broader culture, even if that representation is a simplified version.

This capacity to create celebrity, and not its conservative, “Bible-based” theology, is the true genius of evangelical Christianity. Whether it be Billy Graham or Jerry Falwell or Francis Chan, evangelical Christianity has always known how to find a suitable personification for its version of the gospel.

As a progressive, or at least a quasi-progressive, the easy response to this is to dismiss evangelicalism and its appetite for simplicity or to denounce it for catering to a culture of celebrity. Ironically, this seems to be the argument evangelicalism itself makes when discussing celebrity culture. Celebrity is viewed as vapid, and thus unworthy of Jesus and his followers.

But this overlooks a vital aspect of how celebrity functions within the ebb and flow of culture: the ideologies and movements which find their way into history are inevitably attached to a personification; a celebrity. The Civil Rights Movement had Martin Luther King Jr. The birth of the United States had George Washington. The very idea of democracy had John Locke. 

In fact, Christianity itself is inherently a celebrity driven religion. It is literally formed around a historical figure who built a cult of personality based on his iconography and teachings. The entire Bible is built upon the back of celebrity, through the narratives of Abraham and Moses and David and the teachings of Peter and Paul and John. And subsequent Christian theology is built around celebrity culture where various theologians and saints serve as representatives of complex ideologies and movements. Even our organization of churches, centered around priests and preachers, is a celebrity-oriented endeavor.

Christianity needs celebrities because it needs a bridge; an accessible version of its ideology that's available to the wider world. Celebrity is ingrained in culture and it is part of the roots of Christianity. The problem with Christianity is not celebrity culture it is who the celebrities are and what that celebrity represents. Christianity doesn’t need to abandon celebrity; it needs to create better ones.

Ben Howard is an accidental iconoclast and generally curious individual living in Nashville, Tennessee. He is also the editor-in-chief of On Pop Theology and an avid fan of waving at strangers for no reason. You can follow him on Twitter @BenHoward87.  

You can follow On Pop Theology on Twitter @OnPopTheology or like us on Facebook at www.facebook.com/OnPopTheology. If you'd like to support what we do, you can donate via the button on the right of the screen.
  
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Tuesday, August 13, 2013

The Fantasy League of Christian Twitter

fantasy, football, award, trophy, Christian twitter, fantasy league
by Ben Howard

'Tis the season for fantasy football drafts. Don't let anyone fool you, fantasy football is the most enjoyable thing about football season. If my fantasy team tanks, I'll barely pay attention for the rest of the year. Fantasy sports make it fun to be a fan. Instead of rooting for a team that might be a perennial loser, you get to root for that obscure guy you've never seen play to break a 20 yard touchdown run.

In recent years, the fantasy world has exploded beyond sports. Beyond the mainstays of fantasy football and baseball, we've seen the growth of fantasy basketball and hockey. Even weirder was the temporary existence of fantasy leagues for congress and the music business. My personal favorite is the Grantland Reality TV Fantasy League, where participants draft the cast of reality TV shows and get points when said cast member cries, gets drunk, gets kicked off the show, etc.

This got me to thinking, why not have a fantasy league for all the Christian leaders of the world. Who doesn't want to draft Mark Driscoll and hope that he goes on a Twitter rampage thus guaranteeing them bragging rights over friends and family? I know I do.

I took a first pass at the rules and scoring, but I'd love to hear your input. What other cliches and trite phrases should we reward with points?

Also, I'm trying to come up with a more clever name. The leader at the moment is "The League of Predominately Gentleman", but I'm open to suggestions.

So, without any further ado, let me introduce you to the Fantasy League for Christian Twitter!

Rules

Each league will have six (6) teams

Each team will draft three (3) Christian Tweeters

To qualify for the draft a Tweeter must have 20,000 followers and at least ten (10) tweets in the last two weeks.

Scores will be calculated at the end of every week.

Scoring

1 pt     All references to Jesus, God, Christ, Church

3 pts   Bible verse tweeted without context

3 pts   References to their book

3 pts   Tweet constructed as "X is not Y, it is actually Z"

5 pts   Tweet directed specifically at one gender

5 pts   Tweet that rhymes

5 pts   Use of the word "orthodox"

10 pts  Tweet about sexual morality

10 pts  Use of the phrase "the bride of Christ"

10 pts  Use of the word "heretic"

10 pts  Retweet of another pastor in the league

20 pts  Snarky replies/retweets of people they disagree with

Example

Just for fun I took a look at everybody's favorite Christian Tweeter, Mark Driscoll. How would he fare under this scoring?

Well, Pastor Mark put down a strong 83 pts last week. In addition to his seventeen references to God, Christ and church, he also quoted eight verses sans context, mentioned his upcoming book, composed three "X is not Y, it is Z" tweets, one tweet about sex, and one snarky quote of actress Emma Thompson.

So what do you think? Sound fun?

Peace,
Ben


Ben Howard is an accidental iconoclast and generally curious individual living in Nashville, Tennessee. He is also the editor-in-chief of On Pop Theology and an avid fan of waving at strangers for no reason. You can follow him on Twitter @BenHoward87. 
 
You can follow On Pop Theology on Twitter @OnPopTheology or like us on Facebook at www.facebook.com/OnPopTheology.

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Tuesday, August 6, 2013

Warrior Christ: Why Fox News Should Love Reza Aslan's Jesus



by Charity Erickson

A refresher, for those of you who were living in a cave (Sicarii-style) last week: Fox News put the “most embarrassing interview [they] have ever done” on the internet and, in addition to launching a boatload of delightful snark, it pushed Reza Aslan’s new book Zealot: The Life and Times of Jesus to the top of Amazon’s best-seller list.
 

The extreme right is up in arms over the book and, in service of God and country, some intrepid culture warriors have taken to leaving fake negative reviews on its Amazon profile. Meanwhile, on the more left-leaning side of the Christian internet, Bible scholars and students—in a display of epistemic humility—have continued to express excitement over the book, sharing reviews and Reza Aslan’s interviews.

I am enjoying the book, myself. It is engagingly written and insightful; as a non-scholar, I appreciate Aslan’s handling of historical drama. And I thoroughly enjoy seeing the Gospel texts through a different lens; in Zealot they are de-familiarized in a way that is captivating to the imagination.

My biggest problem with the book itself is that much of its argument is based on sheer dubiousness – Aslan builds off the assumption that the Gospels contain wildly improbable narratives, and therefore sets about constructing “estimated guesses” of what really happened.  Perhaps it is only due to his stylistic choice of extensive endnotes, rather than engaging his sources more substantially within the text, but Aslan’s estimated-guesswork often feels unsubstantiated by evidence. (This issue and others, along with the merits of the work, are addressed from the viewpoint of a legitimate scholar here.)

As I made my way through the first few chapters of Zealot, I found myself thrown by Aslan’s style of argumentation – and I was surprised at myself, at how critical I felt of the piece. I suppose that I had expected to enjoy the book on the basis of the author’s throw-down at Fox News – the conservatives hated him, so I imagined his stuff couldn’t be all that bad.

But as I became more familiar with the portrait Zealot paints of Jesus, I found myself laughing at the irony that the extreme right should hate this book when Aslan’s zealous Jesus seems like a guy that anti-Islam conservatives would like a lot. The book argues that Jesus was one of several men (albeit an extraordinary man among the others) who sought to “take back [his] country for God” using military force. Aslan doesn’t buy that Jesus would have been crucified in the manner in which he was for anything less than actual sedition against the Roman government – he must have been a true revolutionary, a would-be conqueror-king who wanted to kick the pagans out of Jerusalem. But in the years after Jesus’ death, after the Romans razed Jerusalem for its revolutionary fervor, his followers began to downplay his Zealotry for political reasons. Thus was born the Jesus of the Gospels.

The book asserts Jesus’ humanity rather than divinity, but if we ignore that detail for a moment, the Zealot Jesus starts to look like Mark Driscoll’s warrior Christ, with “a sword in His hand and the commitment to make someone bleed.” He is the god of the Western Empire, with a literal government to increase. He is a nationalist god, longing to bless his chosen nation. 

If anyone is to be offended by the picture Aslan paints of Christ, it should be us liberals – we who celebrate Jesus’ nonviolence, suffering servanthood, and commitment to creating a non-worldly Kindgom, who view these as sacred distinctions. We should be the ones taking issue with the claim that Jesus must have been crucified for being a violent threat to the empire, rather than a peace-loving threat to a violent empire.

I don’t write this to reinforce division among Christians, but rather to point out division’s absurdity. The declaration of war on a piece of writing because of its author’s faith affiliation is just as silly a performance in political posturing as the heaping of praise on the same piece of writing for the sake of appearing open-minded – not like them, not like Fox News.

In the Kingdom of God, we don’t need to do this—pretend and pose to prove our loyalty to a cause. It’s an absurd waste of time, not to mention dishonest. Too much concern with how we represent ourselves politically turns our faith into a mockery of itself. When we refuse to be divided along party lines we will be forced to vote, read, teach, critique, and worship based not on a play-acted political identity, but rather, as free people informed by wisdom and the example of Christ. 

I hope that we—as Christians—can agree on one thing about Jesus: he wants us to be zealots indeed, zealous for the cause of love.

Charity Erickson and her husband Lance live and work together in the suburbs of Minneapolis, Minnesota. Check out her blog for more of her writing and follow her on Twitter @CharityJill. 

You can follow On Pop Theology on Twitter @OnPopTheology or like us on Facebook at www.facebook.com/OnPopTheology. 


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Wednesday, May 22, 2013

I'm Probably Wrong

sign, everything you know is wrong

by Ben Howard

"I'm probably wrong."

"Wrong about what?" I ask myself.

"Oh! Everything...probably. At least most things. To be more precise I am probably wrong about 90% of things. Except cake. I'm not wrong about cake. Unless, of course, I am. In which case I'm wrong about 91% of things."

"I don't think you're wrong about cake," my interior monologue counters.

"But what if I am? I mean, I don't think I am, but that's kind of the point isn't it? Nobody knows that they're wrong until they realize that they're wrong. You can only be wrong after the fact. Well, actually you were wrong all along, but you thought you were right and that was the only thing you knew. You only perceived yourself to be right. Maybe my perception about cake is entirely wrong."

"I don't think this is actually about cake. Unless it's about the band Cake in which case I think you take late-90's alt-rock far too seriously."

"You're right, it's not about cake. It might be about Cake, or at least the pyrrhic quest of the protagonist in 'The Distance'. I just wonder about the end goal of all the critiques and counter-critiques. It feels like everyone, myself included, is striving for some version of better/best, but such a pursuit necessitates a belief in a Platonic ideal for religion, for life, for reality in general. What if it's not actually possible to 'be right'? What if it's only possible to 'feel right'?"

RV, Cake, The Distance"Are you saying there is no truth? No right answers? I don't know if I agree with that, it's a pretty bleak way to view the world. Also, are you stealing this artistic convention from Chuck Klosterman?"

"I'm not saying that there isn't a truth that underlies the universe. I believe in God and I believe God is the truth the underlies the universe, but I also believe that we can only ever see God through a glass, darkly. As a result, our perception of truth and reality will always be fuzzy and slightly askew. I guess it's more than a binary distinction between right and wrong, that false duality may be what's causing so much frustration. And yes, I am stealing this from Klosterman, but he probably stole it from someone else who stole it from someone else who ultimately stole it from Plato, so I feel like I'm in good company."

"I understand. It does serve as a useful vehicle to just openly say things you're trying to process."

"Exactly! I'm glad you understand."

"So what brought on this whole right/wrong existential crisis?"

"Christian leaders saying stupid things. To be more specific, my arrogant responses to Christian leaders saying stupid things. I realized that I was assuming that my faith, my interpretation was always right and I was judging everything against it. But that faith has changed so much over the last few years, and if I use history as a judge, it will continue to change and shift. My shifting, evolving faith isn't a very good benchmark to hold others to, that's not fair."

"So what should you judge them against?"

"That's exactly the problem I'm encountering. I can't judge them against my believe, because it's always moving. I can't accurately judge them by the Bible, because it's affected by my interpretation. I can't accurately judge them by historical Christianity because it's unfaithful to the contextual nature of faith. So I have to triangulate all of those and it's difficult.

justice, blind, scales, judge, woman, stone, carving"You could always, I don't know, try not judging them. That whole 'Judge not lest ye be judged' thing."

"I was going to get there eventually. I don't know, maybe some people need the message of Piper and Driscoll. I can't comprehend that, but I also can't comprehend people who like reggae, so maybe my understanding of the world isn't the end all and be all. Yeah, their message can be damaging when it's pushed on people who it doesn't help, but my faith could probably be damaging to someone who needs something stricter and more forceful."

"Could it be possible that the varying expressions of Christianity are all useful to some people in some situations?"

"Yeah, I think it could. Good talk self."

Peace,
Ben

Ben Howard is an accidental iconoclast and generally curious individual living in Nashville, Tennessee. He is also the editor-in-chief of On Pop Theology and an avid fan of waving at strangers for no reason. You can follow him on Twitter @BenHoward87. 
 
You can follow On Pop Theology on Twitter @OnPopTheology or like us on Facebook at www.facebook.com/OnPopTheology.

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Sunday, March 31, 2013

On Pop Theology Podcast: Episode 16 - Stuff Christian Culture Likes w/ Stephanie Drury

by Ben Howard

On this week's episode, Ben sits down with Stephanie Drury, the mind behind the blog Stuff Christian Culture Likes. Join them as they talk about the cliched things Christian culture likes, the need for anger in the church, Mark Driscoll, rockin' worship tweets and the sublime disaster that is the movie The Room.

You can download the podcast by clicking here. Or you can subscribe to the podcast by searching "On Pop Theology" in the iTunes music store. If you download the show through iTunes, please be so kind as to rate and review us. We want your feedback and it helps the show to grow.

If you'd like to find more information about Stuff Christian Culture Likes, check out the blog or the Facebook page. You can follow Stephanie on Twitter @StuffCCLikes, @stephaniedrury, or @fakedriscoll.

Also, remember to "Like" On Pop Theology on Facebook and follow us on Twitter @OnPopTheology for all the updates, posts, and links throughout the week.

Finally, if you'd like to stream the podcast, you can do that here:


Peace,
Ben

If you have any questions, comments, or if you just want to say hi, you can contact us at onpoptheology [at] gmail.com.

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Thursday, February 21, 2013

Theology Trade Deadline



Best. Pope. Ever.

by Ben Howard

In honor of the NBA’s trade deadline, I bring you three anachronistic theology trades I’d like to see.

TRADE #1

Gregory the Great, 2 bishops (not Augustine of Canterbury), and the 1st pick of the 605 A.D. Priest Draft (there should totally be a Priest Draft, if only for the outfits) for N.T. Wright

What the 6th Century Gets: A great theologian who can help a relatively young church to understand Paul and Judaism. Perhaps this understanding will be able to derail some of the anti-Semitic sentiment that built up in Europe during this time and in the long-run even may lead to the prevention of the Holocaust. That would be an MVP level performance by itself, but Wright also brings the ability to help a society understand the concepts of the afterlife and the sacraments before they completely devolve into mythologized legend.

What the 21st Century Gets: One of the greatest popes of all time to fill a clear hole on the team, as well one of the great pastoral thinkers. I love Gregory the Great (I wrote my undergrad thesis on him), so I may be overrating him a bit, but let me tell you his story. Gregory was a wealthy young Roman who inherited his Father’s estate as a young man. Instead of living a life of luxury he gave away all the families money, turned the family home into a convent and became a monk. Eventually, he would become a hero in the city through his work during an epidemic of disease. When the disease in question brought about the death of the reigning pope, Gregory was elected by popular acclaim. As a rather humble man, Gregory attempted to have his election invalidated by the Emperor in Constantinople, who refused his request. Also, we’re getting two awesome bishops, and a pretty good draft pick. I think this trade is a win-win.

TRADE #2

Mark Driscoll, the Gospel Coalition and theory of Intelligent Design for Julian of Norwich and Margery Kempe

"All shall be well and all shall be well
and all manner of things shall be well."
What the 14th Century Gets: I think it’s pretty clear that Driscoll, the Gospel Coalition and the theory of Intelligent Design all need a change of scenery and what better place than the Dark Ages. Okay, okay, settle down, this isn’t as insulting as it sounds. Driscoll and the neo-Calvinists of the Gospel Coalition would look absolutely loving and revolutionary in the context of the 14th century church. Additionally, the deep patriarchy of the time would cloak some of their more evident flaws. The flaws would still exist, but they wouldn’t be the focus of so much attention. Same for intelligent design, removed from the scientific era in which it was birthed, intelligent design might be an excellent way to bridge the coming divide between science and the church, perhaps even clearing the way for a church that can accept evolution for the actual science that it is.

What the 21st Century Gets: Two of the most underrated mystic theologians of all-time, and powerful female mystic theologians to boot. If you know me even a little, it’s no secret that Julian is one of my favorite theologians. Seriously, go buy a copy of Revelations of Divine Love right now! Mysticism has made a bit of return of late and I think these two thinkers would do a lot to direct that conversation down the paths it needs to go. Also, it might be interesting to challenge the theological status quo with a woman who has ecstatic visions of Christ. That doesn’t fit real well into an intellectually elite mindset. I’m excited.

TRADE #3

Dietrich Bonhoeffer and H. Richard Niebuhr for Shane Claiborne, Peter Rollins and Stanley Hauerwas

What the 21st Century Gets: Two great theologians who were victims of their times. Bonhoeffer’s life was cut short after it was discovered that he was involved in a plot to assassinate Hitler. James McClendon explores the ethical dilemma of Bonhoeffer’s involvement in the assassination plot in depth in his book Ethics, but that isn’t even the point I want to make. Bonhoeffer was only 39 years old when he died and much of his theology was crafted in the turmoil of war. What would Bonhoeffer have been able to do with 40 more years of writing? What beauty did we miss out on?
Niebuhr is similar, yet altogether different. His magnum opus, Christ and Culture, was written in the wake of World War II and belies the anger and cynicism of the time. Niebuhr is obviously a fantastic theologian, but one wonders what he could have written had he lived in a time that viewed World War II as past and not present.

Peter Rollins
What the 20th Century Gets: Pacifists in the United States and a thoughtful, philosophical creative conflict resolver in Northern Ireland. Additionally, all of these people understand the mechanisms of power that influence politics more than the single intentions of one man. So what happens when you place some of the most creative non-violent minds of the modern age into the fire of the greatest example of why non-violence wouldn’t work? I honestly don’t know, but I’d be very intrigued to find out.

I know I write a lot of weird things, sometime for a point and sometimes just for the sake of weirdness. This one has a point. I think it’s important for us to realize how much our context shapes who we are, who we become, what we think about, the problems we attempt to solve, and what we view as important. What happens if Julian of Norwich is located in the United States of today? Does she become Rachel Held Evans? Does she become a pastor at a church plant in Portland? Does she become irrelevant entirely?

Who would I be if I lived during WWII? Or during the 14th century? Or in the future? I’m not certain.

What are your thoughts on this weird little thought experiment? Helpful? Useless? Any trades you’d want to see?

Peace,
Ben


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Contact us at onpoptheology [at] gmail.com.


Tuesday, September 18, 2012

Review of Hellbound? by Director Kevin Miller

by Ben Howard

When I first heard about the movie Hellbound I was worried that it was going to be yet another conservative response to Rob Bell's book Love Wins. I mean if Christian culture is good at anything it's mobilizing all it's creative forces in the face of an “attack” against “traditional values.” For instance, the number of anti-Da Vinci Code books probably numbers a hundred or so.

However, I was pleasantly surprised when I found out that Hellbound was actually titled Hellbound?. Never has a question mark carried such interpretive significance.

Last Wednesday, I was lucky enough to be able to attend the cinematic premiere of Kevin Miller's documentary Hellbound​?. In the film, Miller explores prevailing views of eternal damnation and the afterlife through a vast array of interviews from all across the theological spectrum. He delves into the beliefs of neo-Calvinism, explores Jesus cultural understanding of hell, wrestles with the theological issues of a God who may or may not damn people to eternal torment, and even lets members of the Westboro Baptist Church yell at him.

Over the first third of the movie, Miller lays out the classical position on hell beginning with the absurdist beliefs of the Westboro Baptist Church and slowly progressing into more mainline evangelical and Calvinist positions.

He then transitions into a deconstruction of this classical view. Miller and his interview subjects point out the historical background for a belief in hell and provide significant context to biblical references to Hell, especially Jesus' references to Gehenna. They also discuss the problem's inherent in referencing a
biblical idea of hell as the Bible makes references that point towards views favoring eternal torment, as well as annihilationism and universalism. To believe in one view is to deny or sublimate verses referring to other understandings of the afterlife.

The final third of the movie lays out a belief and an argument in favor of Christian Universalism including references to historical Christian figures, like Origen and Gregory of Nyssa, who held such a view.

It's important to note that from all appearances Miller began this project with an open mind; a mind with a list of questions and concerns, but far from convinced of one view or the other. However, it becomes clear over the course of the film that while Miller may not be entirely convinced of the fact of universalism, he is at least convinced by the function of this belief.

Though the interview subjects are treated with respect and dignity by Miller, many of their statements come across as at the least comical and occasionally terrifying. When Miller asks one of the Westboro Baptist protestors how many of his children he loves the man pauses and is unable to formulate an accurate response. Again, when Miller asks noted “evangelist” Ray Comfort how many people he has converted using his questionable techniques, Comfort is forced to awkwardly pause before saying that his accomplishments “will be in the Lambs Book of Life.”*

*For a fuller examination of Comfort's tactics, pick up Kevin Roose's book An Unlikely Disciple, which includes a chapter about a spring break trip with Liberty students to convert people using Comfort's methods.

The more painful moments of the film come predominantly from Miller's interviews with Mark Driscoll and Kevin DeYoung, both prominent neo-Calvinists from the mold of John Piper. Miller juxtaposes many of the statements concerning God's love made by scholars and writers in favor of universalism with angry, fire-breathing screeds from Driscoll. In the most painful scene of the movie, Miller asks Driscoll if all people are children of God, and Driscoll proclaims that they are not.

This is not a flawless film. The last third drags of the film drags in comparison to the first hour, also while there are mentions of annihilationism, it does not seem to be discussed by anyone interviewed in the film. Additionally, as one audience member pointed out in the Q&A after the premiere, the interview subjects were predominantly white males, Sharon Baker being a noted exception.

However, while it is not a flawless film, it is an important one. Though many may view this as propaganda in support of a universalist position, I don't believe that is the intent. Ultimately, this film is not concerned about where people go when they die, but how a belief in the afterlife affects how they deal with people today. The film's argument in favor of universalism is predicated on representing the beauty and love of God to a world in pain.

If anything, this film is intended to free people to think about what they believe, but especially to reflect on his there beliefs affect the way they deal with the world in the present. The problem is not with a belief in hell, the problem is a belief in hell that allows people to feel superior and rain down violence and damnation on those who they believe to be beneath them.

Maybe Sartre was right and maybe hell is other people. Dear God, save us from ourselves.

Peace,
Ben

To see where Hellbound? and Kevin Miller will be headed next visit their website or follow them on Twitter @HellboundMovie.

If you want to contact me, you can follow me on Twitter @BenHoward87 or email me at benjamin.howard [at] gmail.com. 


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